Kiln for ceramic ware



May 6, V1952 u. J. MOORE KILN FOR CERAMIC WARE:4

Filed March 28, 1950 5 Sheets-Sheet l JEU" D E m mm..

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May 6, 1952 B. J. MOORE KILN FOR CERAMIC WARE 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed March 28, 1950 m xL NVENTOR I9v i gn 414m Arr/ May 6, 1952 B. J. MOORE KILN FOR CERAMIC WARE Filed March 28, 195o 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 NVENTOK f Patented May 5, 1952 KILN FOR CERAMIC WARE Bernard Joseph Moore, Stoke-on-Trent, England Application March 28, 1950, Serial N o. 152,360 In Great Britain April 8, 1949 11 Claims. l

This invention relates to oil or gas fired kilns and is particularly applicable to tunnel kilns.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved construction.

According to the present invention in a kiln of the kind described combustion takes place in open fronted cavities in the side wall or walls, the gas or oil vapour being directed into the cavities and the side wall or walls above the cavities being provided with an exhaust flue or chamber, the front of which is closed by a relatively thin wall, one or more ports being provided in the roof of the cavity communicating with the exhaust flue or chamber whereby the lower part of the kiln is directly heated by the llame and by radiation from the wall of the cavity and the upper part is subjected to mule heat- Preferably the burners are directed upwardly through the basesof the cavities and preferably the back wall of each cavity is inclined to the vertical with the top nearer to the tunnel passage than the base.

The base of each cavity may be formed by refractory material through which is an approximately vertical opening into the lower end of which projects a metal burner tube to which the gas or oil vapour is fed together with the required amount of air, the upper end of the metal burner tube being disposed at a lower level than the iioor or base of the cavity.

The back wall of each cavity may either be inclined and flat or it may be of stepped form.

The exhaust flue above the top of each row of cavities extends horizontally and there is a port connecting each cavity with the exhaust flue. The front of the exhaust flue is closed by a thin wall of refractory material.

The invention can b e conveniently applied to the type of tunnel kiln which has a pre-heating zone, a ring zone and a cooling Zone, and in such a construction each exhaust flue may extend longitudinally above the fire cavities in the firing zone and may be extended into the preheating zone and the gases may'pass therefrom downwardly through ports into a lower exhaust ue extending longitudinally along the sides of a part of the pre-heating zone until they reach an upward ilue leading to a chimney, or to an outlet provided with a rotary fan. In this arrangement the front side of each lower exhaust flue may incorporate a number of thin walled panels so that some of the heat of the exhaust gases is given up to that part of the pre-heating zone which is nearest the ring zone.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a plan view.

Figure 2 is a sectional view in side elevation.

Figure 3 is a section on line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 4 is a transverse section of a ring cavity and exhaust flue.

Figure 5 is a section on line 5-5 of Figure 2.

Figure 6' is a sectional plan on line 6 6 ofFgure 2.

Figure 7 is a sectional plan taken through the ilue box.

Figure 1 is shown to a smaller scale than Figure 2, .Figures 3, 5, 6 and 7 are shown to a larger scale than Figure 2 and Figure 4 is shown to a larger scale than Figures 3, 5, 6 and 7.

In the construction illustrated the kiln incorporates three tunnels I0 arranged side by side, each tunnel being of approximately rectangular shape in cross section. The centre part of the length `of each tunnel shown at B in Figure 2 is the firing zone and the parts A are the pre-heating zones and the parts C are the cooling zones.

In each ring zone the side walls of `each tunnel are formed with a number of spaced cavities I3. The back walls I4 are inclined inwardly and upwardly or are stepped as shown and a floor I5 of each cavity being formed yof refractory material through which is an opening I6 each having an enlarged tapering upper end II and an enlarged tapering lower end I8.

. Each burner comprises an inner metal tube I9 for gas or oil vapour and a concentric metal tube 2| of larger diameter, the space between the two tubes being used for the inlet of air. At its upper end each of the tubes ZI is flanged as shown at 31 and between the flange 31 and the under side of the base I5 of the cavity is an asbestos or other washer 38. y

The gas or oil vapour tubes I9 are fed from a tube system 22 controlled by valves 23 and air is fed through the space between the tubes I9 and 2I from a pipe system 24 controlled by valves 25.

The tubes i9 and 2l are mounted in supporting plates 23 at the bottom of the structure. The gas or oil vapour passing upwardly mixes together in the opening I and combustion takes place in the cavity I3.

At the roof 25 of each cavity is a port 2'I leading to a main exhaust ue 28 which extends longitudinally and parallel with the length of the tunnel. The front sides of the ues 28 are formed by spaced wall sections 29 between which are thin partitions formed by tiles 30. The goods to be red are taken slowly through the oven on trucks and when in the pre-heating Zone A they are subjected to heat from lower exhaust flues 33. On reaching the ring Zone they are subjected to direct heating by the flames in the cavities i3 and by radiation from the walls of the cavities and at the top portion of the tunnel they are subjected to muiiie heating from the nues 28. The walls 3i situated between the centre and side tunnels have cavities and ues in both sides.

The gases of combustion pass longitudinally along the fiues 23 which are extended into the pre-heating sone and the gases then pass downwardly through ports 32 into the lower exhaust flues 33 which extend longitudinally along a part of the pre-heating zone. TheA gases then pass up through vertical rlues into a chamber 39 from which is an outlet i in which operates a power driven ian l on to which is connected a chimney 2.

The ends o the chamber 39 may be provided `with air inlets i3 controlled by dampers 44.

Further, the temperature of the pre-heating zone may be regulated by admitting air through one or more air passages i5 controlled by dampers 45.

The front sides of the lower exhaust flues 33 may be formed in part by piers 3S of refractory material and in part by thin tiles 35.

What I claim then is:

1. A fluid fuel red tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be ired are taken, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides defined by a cavity iloor and a back, sides and roof, eachY of said cavity fioors having an opening extending through it, and burner tubes arranged with their discharge ends disposed in the iioor openings, each of said cavities having a port extending upwardly through its roof, said 4kiln having an upper longitudinal flue for the products of combustion disposed over each row of cavities said ports communicating with said upper longitudinal iiue,l the side of said nue next the tunnel being separated from the interior of the tunnel by partitions formed by heat conducting tiles, said fiue leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases.

2. A fluid fuel fred tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be fired are taken, 'the tunnel having a row of spaced open-fronted cavities in its sides each dened by a cavity fioor, back, sides and roof, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides defined by a cavity oor and a back, sides and top, each of said cavity floors having an opening extending through it, and burner tubes arranged with their discharge ends disposed in the door openings, each of said cavities having an upwardly directed port through its roof, said kiln having an upper longitudinal rlue for the products of combustion disposed over each row of cavities with which ilue said ports'communicate, the side of said flue next the tunnel being separated `from the interior of the tunnel by partitions formed by heat conducting tiles, said flue-leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases.

3. A iiuid fuel tired tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be iired are taken, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides defined by a cavity floor and a back,` sides and roof, each of said cavity floors having opening extending through it and upwardly directed burner tubes discharging into the lower ends of said floor openings, each of said cavities having an upwardly directed port through its roof, said kiln having an upper longitudinal flue for the products of combustion disposed over each row of cavities with which said ports communicate, the side of said flue next the tunnel being separated from the interior of the tunnel by partitions formed by heat conducting tiles, said flue leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases.

1i. A fluid fuel red tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be fired are taken, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides dened by a cavity floor and a back, sides and roof, each of said cavity floors having an opening extending through it, and burner tubes having their discharge ends secured in the lower ends of said fioor openings, each of said cavities having an upwardly extending port through its roof, said kiln having an upper longitudinal flue for the products of combustion disposed over each row or" cavities with which said ports communicate, the side of said nue next the oven being separated from the interior of the tunnel by partitions formed by heat conducting tiles, said flue leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases.

5. A uid fuel fired tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be tired are taken, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides defined by a cavity floor and a back which is inclined forwardly, and upwardly, sides and a roof, each of said cavity iioo'rs having an opening extending through it, and burner tubes arranged with their discharge ends disposed in the lower ends of the floor openings, each of said cavities having an upwardly extending port in its roof, said kiln having an upper longitudinal iue for the products of combustion disposed over each row of cavities into which fiue the products of combustion pass through said ports, the side of said flue next the oven being separated from the interior of the tunnel by partitions formed by heat conducting tiles, said nue leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases.

6. A fluid fuel fired tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be red are taken, said tunnel having a pre-heating zone, a firing zone and a cooling Zone, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides dened by a cavity iioor and a back, sides and roof, said cavities being disposed in the ring zone, each of said cavity floors having an opening extending through it, and burner tubes arranged with their discharge ends disposed in the lower ends of the floor openings, each of said cavities having a port through its roof, said kiln having an upper longitudinal nue for the products of combustion disposed over each row of cavities with which said ports communicate, the side of said upper flue next the oven bei-ng separated fromthe interior'of the tunnel by a partition formed by spaced piers between whichl are thin wall elements, said flue leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases.

7. A uid fuel red tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be red are taken, said tunnel having a pre-heating zone, a ring zone and a cooling zone, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides defined by a cavity floor and a back, sides and roof, said cavities being disposed in the nring zone, each of said cavity oors having an opening extending through it, andburner tubes arranged with their discharge ends disposed in the iloor openings, each of said cavities having a port through its roof, said kiln having an upper longitudinal flue disposed over each row of cavities with which said ports communicate, said ue being separated from the interior of the tunnel by a partition, each of said upper ilues communicating with a lower exhaust flue in the side of the tunnel, said lower exhaust flues extending along a part of the side of the preheating zone, said flue leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases.

8. A fluid fuel fired tunnel kiln for cera'mic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be fired are taken, said tunnel having a pre-heating zone, a ringzone, and a cooling zone, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides dened by a cavity floor and a back, sides and roof, said cavities being disposed in the ring zone, each of said cavity floors having an opening extending through it, and burner tubes arranged with their discharge ends disposed in the lower ends of the floor openings, each of said cavities having a .port through its roof,said kiln having an upper longitudinal flue disposed over each row of cavities with which said ports communicate, said ue being separated from the interior of the tunnel by a partition, each of said upper nues communicating with a lower exhaust flue in the side of the tunnel, said lower exhaust flues extending along a part of the side of the pre-heating zone, said pre-heating zone having a controlled inlet passage for air, said lower exhaust ues leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases..

9. A fluid fuel fired tunnel kiln for ceramic ware comprising a tunnel through which the goods to be nred are taken, said tunnel having a preheating zone, a firing zone and a cooling zone, the tunnel having spaced cavities in its sides each defined by a cavity floor and a back, sides and roof, said cavities being disposed in the firing zone, each of said cavity floors having an opening extending through it, burner tubes arranged with their discharge ends disposed in the floor openings, each of said cavities having a port extend ing upwardly through its roof, said kiln having an upper longitudinal iiue disposed over each row of cavities with which said port communicates, said flue being separated from the interior of the tunnel by a partition, each of said upper flues communicating with a lower exhaust flue in the side of the tunnel, said lower exhaust ilues extending along a part of the side of the preheating zone and leading to an outlet for the exhaust gases, each of said lower flues having an inner Awall formed in part by thin heat conducting tiles.

10. A multi-tunnel fluid fuel fired kiln having a plurality of side by side tunnels through which the goods tobe fired are taken, each tunnel having cavities in its side walls forming fuel combustion chambers, each of said cavities having a port in its top leading to a longitudinal exhaust flue above the cavities, the inner wall of said flue, facing the tunnel, being formed in part by thin heat conducting tiles, fuel feed and air feed pipes disposed below the kiln, the kiln having openings extending upwardly through its base, each of said cavities having a floor through which is an opening, and fuel and air tubes connected to said fuel and air feed pipes extending upwardly through said kiln openings and delivering fuel and air through said floor openings.

11. A multi-tunnel fluid fuel fired kiln having a plurality. of side by side tunnels through which the goods to be fired are taken, each tunnel having cavities in its side walls forming fuel combustion chambers, each of said cavities having a port in its top leading to a longitudinal exhaust flue above the cavities, the inner wall of said flue, facing the tunnel, being formed in part by thin heat conducting tiles, fuel feed and air feed pipes disposed below the kiln, said feed pipes being disposed transversely to the length of said tunnels, the kiln. having openings extending upwardly through its base, each of said cavities having a floor through `which is an opening, fuel and air tubes connected to said fuel and air feed pipes extending upwardly through said kiln openings and delivering fuel and air through said floor openings, and supporting plates below the kiln for said tubes.

BERNARD JOSEPH MOORE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,646,279- Dressler Oct. 18, 1927 1,737,540 Robertson Nov. 26, 1929 1,916,363 Dressler July 4, 1933 2,325,572 Robson et a1 July 27, 1943 FoREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 723,795 France Jan. 19, 1932 

